Morphological Characteristics Of Garlic

Garlic is a string-shaped shallow root system without a main root. The main root group is distributed in the soil layer within 5-25cm, with a horizontal diameter of 30cm. In terms of plant morphology, the bulb itself develops from metamorphic branches, and its internodes are shortened to "bulb discs". The base and edges of the stem discs are rooted with roots on which the leaves and buds are primitive. After the differentiation of flower buds, the apical buds form flower stalks, and the lateral buds expand to form garlic cloves. The reproduction mode of garlic is asexual reproduction, and the reproduction organ is a lateral bud on the mother's body, that is, a scale bud. An adult garlic plant is composed of roots, pseudostems, leaves, stalks, bulbs, etc.

The leaves of garlic include leaf body and leaf sheath. The leaf sheath is tubular and grows circularly on the stem disc. The multi-layer leaf sheaths hug each other to form a pseudostem, which has the function of mechanical support and delivery of nutrients to the bulb.

The stalk of garlic is composed of two parts: the flower axis and the involucre. There are flowers and aerial bulbs in the involucre, but most varieties only bolt and do not bloom, or although they can bloom, the development of flower organs is not fully developed and cannot form seeds. The general varieties can form several or dozens of aerial bulbs in the involucre. The aerial bulbs can be used to propagate garlic plants. In those days, the single-headed garlic was generally formed and used for the agricultural production of single-headed garlic. Sowing the single-head garlic can obtain a uniformly divided, large-sized bulb with good nutritional quality. The production of garlic through this sexual reproduction method can eliminate the toxins accumulated in the long-term production of garlic, and can also improve the seed quality of garlic. The vitality of garlic seeds can realize the rejuvenation of garlic seeds, increase yield and improve quality.

The bulb buds of garlic are also called garlic cloves, which are the lateral buds of the shortened stem discs in botany, and are the vegetative storage organs and reproduction organs of garlic. The scale bud is composed of two layers of scales and a young bud. The scale buds grow on short-shrinked stems. Large-petal varieties are mostly concentrated in the 1-2 leaf axils near the stalks of garlic. Generally, 2 to 3 scale buds occur in each leaf axil. The middle is the main bud and the two sides are auxiliary buds. Accessory buds can be enlarged to form product organ bulbs; small-petal varieties mainly form scale buds in 1 to 4 leaf axils, and 3 to 5 scale buds are formed in each leaf axil. The number of garlic cloves formed is large and the individual is small, and the outer scale buds are larger than Inner scale buds.

According to the number of rounds of garlic cloves arranged on the stem plate, it can be divided into two types: one kind of garlic cloves arranged in a staggered round on the stem plate, generally 4 to 15 garlic cloves, this kind of garlic is mostly a large variety, such as purple Skin garlic; the other is garlic cloves arranged in two or more rounds on the stem plate, generally 20 to 35 garlic cloves, mostly small cloves, such as dog tooth garlic.